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Control Flow

Ovum supports standard control flow constructs following structured programming principles:

Conditional Execution

If/Else: Conditional execution with syntax if (condition) { ... } else { ... }. The condition must be a Boolean expression (Bool). Braces are required for blocks, but for single statements the braces can be omitted (though using braces is encouraged for clarity).

if (x > 0) {
    sys::Print("Positive")
} else if (x < 0) {
    sys::Print("Negative")
} else {
    sys::Print("Zero")
}

Loops

While Loop: while (condition) { ... } repeats the body while the condition is true.

var i: Int = 0
while (i < 10) {
    sys::Print(i.ToString())
    i = i + 1
}

For Loop: for (item in collection) { ... } iterates over elements of a collection (arrays, etc.).

for (item in items) {
    sys::Print(item.ToString())
}

Flow Control

Return: return expression; exits the current function with the given value (or return; with no value to exit a void function). In pure functions, a return simply provides the result; in impure, it may terminate early as usual.

Break/Continue: break exits a loop immediately, continue skips to the next iteration of the loop.

var i: Int = 0
while (i < 10) {
    if (i == 5) {
        break  // Exit loop
    }
    if (i == 3) {
        i = i + 1
        continue  // Skip to next iteration
    }
    sys::Print(i.ToString())
    i = i + 1
}

All control flow follows structured programming principles (no goto).

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